Though there are number of reviews coming up in this area in recent times, the present review mainly addresses the developments of SP in the last decade with specific application areas of bioseparations, protein folding, microfluidics and actuators, sensors, smart surfaces and membranes.
SUMARU SPIROBENZOPYRAN FREE
The present review is aimed to highlight the applications of SP when these polymers are presented in three common physical forms (i) linear free chains in solution where polymer undergoes a reversible collapse after an external stimulus is applied, (ii) covalently cross-linked reversible gels where swelling or shrinking of the gels can be triggered by environmental change and (iii) chain adsorbed or surface-grafted form, where the polymer reversibly swells or collapses on surface, once an external parameter is changed. SP which are also known as stimuli-responsive soluble–insoluble polymers or environmentally sensitive polymers have been used in the area of biotechnology, medicine and engineering. Last two to three decades have witnessed explosive growth in the subject. Obviously, the multi-sensitive copolymer systems represent an essential part of supramolecular polymer chemistry where the environment can have a large effect on the degree of interaction between the individual components in the material.read more read lessĪbstract: Smart polymers (SP) have become one important class of polymers and their applications have been increasing significantly. The development of multi-functional building blocks imprinted into one macromolecule will help us to obtain controllable morphologies at the nanometer scale. For this purpose we describe thermosensitive polymers as well as methods for their controlled synthesis. to pH, light, magnetic field, solvent quality, etc., and their effects on the reversible self-assembly in aqueous copolymer solutions or on the hydrogel organization. In this review we discuss the combinations of thermosensitive properties with other types of sensitivity: i.e. One of the most interesting solution properties of amphiphilic water-soluble copolymers is their ability to self-assemble into micelles, lamellar aggregate, vesicles and hydrogels. Taku Satoh, Kimio Sumaru, Toshiyuki Takagi and Toshiyuki Kanamori, Soft Matter, 2011, DOI: 10.Abstract: The precise control of the formation of stimuli-sensitive sequences (block or graft) as part of copolymer architectures is fascinating because of the remarkable phase behavior of their aqueous solutions. Rates of reswelling from the light-induced shrunken state of the spirobenzopyran-functionalized gels increased with increasing ring-opening rates of spirobenzopyrans in the gels. Stimuli-responsive hydrogels: Researchers have functionalised poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) gel with spirobenzopyrans and evaluated the effects of spontaneous ring-opening rates of the photo-chromic molecules on the light-responsive volume change of the subsequent gels. Keiki Kishikawa, Takahiro Inoue, Yoshiyuki Sasaki, Sumihiro Aikyo, Masahiro Takahashi and Shigeo Kohmoto, Soft Matter, 2011, 7, 7532-7538, DOI: 10.1039/C1SM05887H The slow rotation of the molecules showed unique phenomena such as no clear odd–even effect in their clearing and melting points. Thermal liquid crystal phases: An interaction assisted approach for realization of biaxiality in smectic A phases is demonstrated in addition to the effectiveness of perfluoroarene-arene and C-H/F interactions as the intermolecular interactions. In the dark, the spirobenzopyran residue forms a ring-opened and protonated structure with showing a yellow color. The triggered response of the hydrogels is discussed and a focus is placed on formulation principles, and on how the physicochemical properties of such hydrogels influence their antimicrobial/antiviral action. , synthesized poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) modified with spirobenzopyran and found that the aqueous solution of the copolymer exhibited remarkable dehydration by photo-irradiation under acidic condition around pH 4. Antimicrobial and antiviral hydrogels: This brief review provides some illustrative examples of different types of antimicrobial (antibacterial/antifungal) and antiviral hydrogels.
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